ContactISSN:e-ISSN: 2822-4167
Author Sign-inReviewer Sign-inRegister
TürkçeEnglish
HomeAim and ScopeGuide for AuthorsSend ArticleLatest IssueArchiveContact Us

Research on the Usage Possibilities of Gibberellic Acid (GA₃) Application in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Breeding

Abdullah Çil,Ayşe Nuran ÇİL,Hatice Hızlı

  • Abdullah Çil: Biyolojik Mücadele Araştırma Enstitüsü
  • Ayşe Nuran ÇİL: Doğu Akdeniz Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü
  • Hatice Hızlı: Doğu Akdeniz Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü
  •  Year : 2025
  •  Vol : 5
  •  Issue : 2
  •  Page : 104-116
This study was conducted to determine the effects of different gibberellic acid (GA₃) concentrations, application doses, and application timings on key morphological and phenological traits of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Four yield-related traits were examined: plant height, head diameter, fertilization rate, and flowering time. The experiment was established as a randomized complete block design with three replications. Six GA₃ concentrations (0, 45, 60, 75, 100, and 200 mg L⁻¹), three application doses per plant (5, 7.5, and 10 mL plant⁻¹), and three application timings (47th, 50th, and 53rd day) were evaluated. GA₃ solutions were prepared using distilled water, and applications were carried out by spraying. According to the results, GA₃ applications had a statistically significant and positive effect on plant height; particularly, GA₃ applied within the 75–200 mg L⁻¹ range caused a marked increase in plant height. In contrast, GA₃ applications reduced head diameter, and the highest head diameter was obtained from the control treatment. In terms of fertilization rate, moderate GA₃ applications (45–75 mg L⁻¹) produced favorable outcomes, whereas higher concentrations decreased the fertilization rate. Flowering time generally shortened with GA₃ applications, and especially the 60–75 mg L⁻¹ levels promoted earlier flowering. Overall, the findings indicate that while GA₃ enhances vegetative growth in sunflower, it may exert bidirectional effects on generative traits. Applying the optimum GA₃ level at the appropriate dose and timing may contribute to improving yield-related parameters. This study provides important scientific information for the effective use of plant growth regulators in sunflower cultivation.
Cite this Article As : Çil, A., Çil, A. N., & Hızlı, H. (2025). Giberellik asit (GA₃) uygulamasının ayçiçeği (Helianthus annuus L.) ıslahında kullanım imkânlarının araştırılması. Ereğli Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(2), 104-116.

Conflict of interest : The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

This article is published under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license.
Ereğli Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi
2025, Vol5, Issue2
E-ISSN: 2822-4167
Received : , Accepted : , Published Online :

References

  1. Aboki, M. A., Mohammed, M. S., & Aliyu, B. S. (2012). Genetic diversity in wild Helianthus species: An overview. International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics, 6(3), 134–141.
  2. Ahmed, F., Shahid, M., & Rehman, H. (2020). Effect of gibberellic acid (GA₃) on growth and yield attributes of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Journal of Agricultural Research, 58(3), 245– 253.
  3. AOAC. (2016). Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. 20th Ed.
  4. Bhat, T. A., Sofi, P. A., Rather, A. G., & Anwar, F. (2011). Influence of growth regulators on growth and yield traits in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Helia, 34(54), 87–94.
  5. Cockerell, T. D. A. (1904). The North American Helianthus annuus complex. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, 56, 315–335.
  6. FAO. (2022). FAOSTAT Agricultural Data.
  7. Davis, A. R. (1982). The effects of gibberellins on stamen and pollen development. Annals of Botany, 50, 345–354.
  8. Ghaffar, A., & Rauf, S. (2014). Hormonal regulation of flowering and yield attributes in sunflower. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 51(2), 365–372.
  9. Göksoy, A. T., Türkeri, M., & Kaya, M. (2009). Effects of different growth stages on physiological responses of sunflower to plant growth regulators. Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 14, 123–130.
  10. Fick, G. N. (1978). Cytoplasmic male sterility in sunflower: Inheritance and utilization in breeding. Crop Science, 18, 335–340.
  11. Filippi, C., Hernández, L. F., & Hall, A. J. (2014). Oil biosynthesis and source–sink relationships in sunflower. Field Crops Research, 166, 11–16.
  12. Horn, R. (2002). The molecular basis of cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration in Helianthus annuus. Plant Molecular Biology, 50, 855–870.
  13. Jan, C. C. (1997). Wild Helianthus species as a genetic resource. Field Crops Research, 50, 37–46.
  14. Jan, C. C. (2014). Advances in sunflower hybrid seed production. Helia, 37(60), 1–12.
  15. Kaya, M., Yılmaz, S., & Arslan, B. (2018). Recent advances in sunflower breeding: Yield and stress tolerance. Helia, 41(69), 95–112.
  16. Kaya, M. (2019). Gibberellic acid (GA₃) applications improving growth parameters in sunflower. Anadolu Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 34(4), 561–568.
  17. Kaya, M., & Atak, Ç. (2012). The effects of GA₃ on plant height and reproductive traits in sunflower. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 31, 310–318.
  18. Kaul, M. L. H. (1988). Male Sterility in Higher Plants. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
  19. Kaur, R., Sharma, P., & Singh, S. (2013). Response of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) to different levels of gibberellic acid (GA₃) on growth and flowering behaviour. International Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 5(2), 210–215.
  20. Leclercq, P. (1969). Une stérilité mâle cytoplasmique chez le tournesol. Annales de l'Amélioration des Plantes, 19, 99–106.
  21. Lee, H., Zhou, X., & Zhang, L. (2021). Chemical hybridizing agents and their application in hybrid seed production. Agronomy, 11(4), 655.
  22. Mandel, J. R., Nambeesan, S., & Burke, J. M. (2013). Origins and genetic diversity of domesticated sunflower. Genetics, 194, 1029–1040.
  23. Mut, Z., Sezer, I., & Gülümser, A. (2006). Effect of different plant growth regulators on yield and yield components of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 5(4), 881–884.
  24. Mutui, T. M., Emongor, V. E., & Hutchinson, M. J. (2002). Effect of gibberellic acid on growth, flowering and vase life of tuberose. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 21, 381–387.
  25. Rademacher, W. (2000). Growth retardants: Effects on gibberellin biosynthesis and metabolism. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 51, 501–531.
  26. Singh, G. ve Gill, S. S. (2016). Foliar absorption and growth responses to gibberellic acid in different application volumes. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 8(2), 45–52.
  27. Singh, V., Kumar, R., & Singh, P. (2010). Effect of plant growth regulators on growth and flowering behaviour in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Journal of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2(1), 45–50.
  28. Škorić, D. (2012). Sunflower breeding for resistance to abiotic stresses. Helia, 35(57), 1–16.
  29. Taiz, L., & Zeiger, E. (2010). Plant Physiology (5th ed.). Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA, USA.
  30. TÜİK (2020). Bitkisel Üretim İstatistikleri. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu.
  31. Virmani, S. S. (1994). Heterosis and hybrid rice breeding. Springer, 3–24.
  32. Wit, F. (1960). Male sterility in sunflower and its significance in hybrid seed production. Euphytica, 9, 349–359.
  33. Zhang, L., Chen, X., & Wang, Y. (2008). Advances in chemical hybridizing agents used in crop breeding. Plant Breeding Reviews, 30, 77–112.